Teacher Inquiry, Reflection, and Data-Informed Instruction - Research and Resources

“Joe Feldman shows us how we can use grading to help students become the leaders of their own learning and lift the veil on how to succeed... This must-have book will help teachers learn to implement improved, equity-focused grading for impact.” --Zaretta Hammond, Author of Culturally Responsive Teaching & The Brain

"Students with disabilities and other academic needs are being educated more frequently in general education classrooms, thus accessing grade level curriculum. To believe that these students are unable to learn, lazy, stupid, or just plain troublemakers is to perpetuate an outdated myths. Rather, they are students who can learn but who may need alternative forms of instruction and assessment."

This article reviews the literature on formative feedback and concludes with guidelines for generating formative feedback.

This is a chapter of The Distance Learning Playbook on feedback, assessment, and grading.

Throughout the book, Marzano details the elements of three overarching categories of teaching, which define what must happen to optimize student learning: students must receive feedback, get meaningful content instruction, and have their basic psychological needs met.

"This study compares students’ experiences of two types of criteria-based assessment: in-text commentary and rubric-articulated feedback, in an assessment design combining the two feedback channels. The main aim is to use students’ responses to shed light on how feedback strategies for formative assessment can be optimised."

"The research on formative assessment and feedback is reinterpreted to show how these processes can help students take control of their own learning, i.e. become self‐regulated learners. This reformulation is used to identify seven principles of good feedback practice that support self‐regulation."

"This article provides a conceptual analysis of feedback and reviews the evidence related to its impact on learning and achievement."

"The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' use of teacher behaviors representing active instruction (specifically, provision of opportunities to respond [OTR] and feedback) in 22 high- and low-performing Title 1 elementary schools."

"This review of over 100 years of research on grading considers five types of studies: (a) early studies of the reliability of grades, (b) quantitative studies of the composition of K-12 report card grades, (c) survey and interview studies of teachers' perceptions of grades, (d) studies of standards-based grading, and (e) grading in higher education."

"Learning-oriented assessment (LOA) evolved from both summative assessment and formative assessment, and its framework comprises three integrated components, assessment for learning, assessment as learning, and assessment of learning."

This article examines the concept of assessment as learning, It reconceptualizes summative and formative assessments into three assessment paradigms: assessment of, for, and as learning; and examines written feedback research with reference to the three assessment paradigms.

"Gupta discusses the concept of assessment as learning, where students learn, self-correct, and collaborate during the assessment." This article is primarily aimed at science teachers, but could be useful to other teachers as well.

Feedback is arguably the most critical and powerful aspect of teaching and learning. Yet, there remains a paradox: why is feedback so powerful and why is it so variable? It is this paradox which Visible Learning: Feedback aims to unravel and resolve. Combining research excellence, theory and vast teaching expertise, this book covers the principles and practicalities of feedback, including: the variability of feedback, the importance of surface, deep and transfer contexts, student to teacher feedback, peer to peer feedback, the power of within lesson feedback and manageable post-lesson feedback.

This research article explores how students think, feel, and cope when making mistakes in the classroom.