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Universal Design for Learning Strategy Database

Explore strategies for incorporating UDL into your classroom instruction and planning

Interaction (UDL Guideline 4)

It is important to design materials and physical environments that support and value the interaction needs and preferences of every learner. Intentionally designed curricular materials provide a seamless interface with common assistive and accessible technologies through which everyone, including individuals with disabilities, can navigate and express what they know.

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Vary and honor the methods for response, navigation, and movement (Consideration 4.1)

Learners differ widely in the ways they navigate and move through the physical environment, information, and activities. To reduce barriers to learning, it is essential to embed flexibility in the means for response, navigation, and movement. And along with this flexibility comes the need to reflect on biases and assumptions regarding these different means; it is important to honor the multiplicity of ways to engage and embody the learning process.

Strategy
Embed flexibility in the requirements for rate, timing, speed, and range of motor action required to interact with instructional materials, physical manipulatives, and technologies.
  • Rate of Speech: Allow multilingual learners to speak slowly by pairing them with supportive partners.

  • Tools to support range of motion: Pencil grips, paper with raised lines, paper stabilizers, writing utensils that require less pressure (i.e. markers)

Offer alternatives for physically responding or indicating selections (e.g., alternatives to marking with pen and pencil, alternatives to mouse control).
  • Audio record or dictate responses: Allow students to dictate as an alternative to pencil/paper

  • Use touch screens: Allow students to use touch screens as an alternative to mouse control

  • Speech-to-text software: Access to this software that will translate an oral response into writing (Google Documents has this functionality)

  • Gestures: Use gestures and point as much as possible. When teaching new words, use a gesture to reinforce meaning. Have students gesture with you. Ensure that your gestures are simple and that multilingual learners are close enough to see your gestures!

Offer alternatives for physically interacting with materials by hand, voice, single switch, joystick, keyboard, or adapted keyboard. Give options of interacting by hand, voice, single switch, keyboard, or adapted keyboard
Embed flexibility into the design of the physical space
  • Flexible seating and positioning
  • Flexible lighting

 

Optimize access to accessible materials and assistive and accessible technologies and tools (Consideration 4.2)

Providing a learner with a tool is often not enough. We need to provide the support to use the tool effectively. Oftentimes, learners may need assistance in navigating through their environment (both in terms of physical space and the curriculum), and every learner should be given the opportunity to use tools that might help them meet the goal of full access and participation in the learning environment. However, significant numbers of learners with disabilities use assistive technologies for navigation, interaction, and composition on a regular basis. It is critical that instructional technologies and curricula are accessible and do not impose inadvertent barriers to the use of these assistive technologies. It is also important, however, to ensure that making a lesson physically accessible does not inadvertently reduce the challenge associated with the learning goal.

Strategy
Explicitly teaching and providing the following tools:
  • Provide alternate keyboard commands for mouse action

  • Build switch and scanning options for increased independent access and keyboard alternatives

  • Provide access to alternative keyboards (e.g., on-screen keyboards for touchscreens)

  • Customize overlays for touch screens and keyboards

  • Select software that works seamlessly with keyboard alternatives and alt keys